TRIZ
TRIZ (from the Russian Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadach — Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) is a systematic innovation methodology developed by Soviet engineer and inventor Genrich Altshuller beginning in 1946. Altshuller analysed hundreds of thousands of patents to identify the underlying inventive principles that recur across fields and centuries. The result is a rigorous, reproducible approach to technical innovation that transforms creative problem-solving from a talent-dependent art into an engineer-deployable process.