Pre-mortem
The Pre-mortem is a prospective failure analysis technique developed by cognitive psychologist Gary Klein in which a team imagines that a project has already failed and then works backward to identify the most plausible causes. By creating a safe context for surfacing pessimistic concerns β concerns that participants would typically suppress in forward-looking planning β the Pre-mortem produces a richer failure map than conventional risk analysis and enables mitigation before launch rather than diagnosis after.