Why AI invents citations, and the one check that catches most of them
AI invents citations because, to a language model, a reference is just more text that should look plausible — and a plausible title, author and page number are easy to produce without any document behind them. The check that catches most of it is simple: require the exact quoted words, and match them against the source text before trusting the claim.
That is a mechanical check, so software can do it. Most tools do not, and the gap is where the embarrassing stories come from.